Gravitation

What is the value of the universal gravitational constant (G)?

The acceleration due to gravity (g) on the surface of Earth is approximately:

According to Newton's law of gravitation, the force between two masses is:

If the distance between two objects is doubled, the gravitational force between them becomes:

What is the formula to calculate the acceleration due to gravity (g) at the surface of a planet of mass M and radius R?

The escape velocity from Earth is approximately 11.2 km/s. Which of the following expressions correctly represents escape velocity (vₑ)?

If the radius of Earth were halved but its mass remained the same, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface would:

A satellite is orbiting Earth at height h above the surface. The acceleration due to gravity at that height is g'. Which relation is correct?

The gravitational potential at a distance r from a mass M is given by:

Two planets have masses M and 4M and radii R and 2R respectively. The ratio of their surface gravities g₁/g₂ is: