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Lesson
Light — Reflection and Refraction — Complete Lesson
?? Reflection of Light
Laws of Reflection:
- The angle of incidence = angle of reflection (?i = ?r)
- The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane
?? Spherical Mirrors
| Feature | Concave Mirror | Convex Mirror |
|---|---|---|
| Shape | Caves inward (like a spoon) | Bulges outward |
| Image | Real or virtual (depends on position) | Always virtual, erect, diminished |
| Use | Torches, headlights, dentist mirror | Rear-view mirrors, ATM cameras |
?? Refraction of Light
When light passes from one medium to another, it bends. This bending is called refraction.
Snell's Law: n1 sin i = n2 sin r
Mirror Formula: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f
Lens Formula: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f
Magnification: m = v/u = h'/h
Mirror Formula: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f
Lens Formula: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f
Magnification: m = v/u = h'/h
?? Cricket Analogy: A ball thrown from grass onto a concrete pitch changes speed and direction — that's refraction! Dense medium (concrete) = faster. Similarly, light bends when entering glass (denser) from air (rarer).
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