Factors and Multiples

1) Hook — A Fun Story 🍎🍌

Once upon a time in a village in India, there was a sweet shop owner named Raju. He wanted to pack sweets in equal boxes for his customers. He had 12 laddoos and 18 barfis. He wondered, "How many boxes can I make so that each box has the same number of sweets without breaking any?"

Can you help Raju find the answer? 🤔

2) Core Concepts — What are Factors and Multiples?

Factors: A factor of a number is a number that divides it exactly without leaving a remainder.

Example: Factors of 12 are numbers that divide 12 exactly.

Multiples: Multiples of a number are what you get when you multiply that number by 1, 2, 3, and so on.

Example: Multiples of 4 are:

So, to help Raju pack sweets equally, we need to find the common factors of 12 and 18.

Factors of 18 are: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18.

Common factors of 12 and 18 are: 1, 2, 3, 6.

Raju can make 6 boxes with equal sweets because 6 is the greatest common factor.

3) Key Formulas / Rules 📝

4) Did You Know? 🤩

In India, the number 108 is very special! It is a multiple of many numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, and more. That is why many Indian malas (prayer beads) have 108 beads. It helps in counting prayers easily!

5) Exam Tips ✔️

• Tip 1: Always check if the number divides exactly (no remainder) when finding factors.
• Tip 2: Write the first 5 multiples to answer questions about multiples.
• Tip 3: For common factors, find factors of both numbers and see which are the same.
• Tip 4: Remember, 1 is a factor of every number.
• Tip 5: Board exam questions often ask for “largest common factor” or “smallest common multiple.” Practice these!