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Lesson
Acids, Bases and Salts — Complete Lesson
?? What are Acids and Bases?
Acids are substances that produce H? (hydrogen) ions in water. They taste sour and turn blue litmus red.
Bases are substances that produce OH? (hydroxide) ions in water. They taste bitter, feel soapy, and turn red litmus blue.
?? Cricket Analogy: Think of Acids as fast bowlers (aggressive, sharp, sour) and Bases as spin bowlers (smooth, slippery, bitter). When they meet on the pitch — they neutralise each other!
?? pH Scale
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, from 0 to 14:
| pH Range | Nature | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| 0–3 | Strong Acid | HCl, H2SO4, lemon juice |
| 4–6 | Weak Acid | Vinegar, orange juice, curd |
| 7 | Neutral | Pure water |
| 8–11 | Weak Base | Baking soda, blood, soap |
| 12–14 | Strong Base | NaOH, KOH, bleach |
?? Neutralisation Reaction
Acid + Base ? Salt + Water
HCl + NaOH ? NaCl + H2O
HCl + NaOH ? NaCl + H2O
This is why antacids (bases) cure acidity in your stomach!
?? Important Salts
- NaCl — Common salt (rock salt, sea salt)
- NaHCO3 — Baking soda (used in cooking, fire extinguishers)
- Na2CO3 — Washing soda (used in cleaning, glass making)
- CaOCl2 — Bleaching powder (water purification)
- CaSO4·½H2O — Plaster of Paris (casts, moulds)
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MCQ Practice
Acids, Bases and Salts — MCQ Practice
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Memory Trick
Memory Tricks: Acids, Bases and Salts
Remember pH Scale with:
"Arre Bhai, 7 pe Neutral hai!"
0 = Super Sour (Strong Acid) ? 7 = Paani (Neutral) ? 14 = Super Slippery (Strong Base)
Remember the 5 important salts:
N.B.W.B.P
"Namak Baking-soda Washing-soda Bleaching-powder Plaster-of-Paris"
- ?? NaCl — Common salt
- ?? NaHCO3 — Baking soda
- ?? Na2CO3 — Washing soda
- ?? CaOCl2 — Bleaching powder
- ?? CaSO4·½H2O — Plaster of Paris
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